ON AUGUST 28, 1963, Martin Luther King, Jr, addressed a huge crowd of civil rights supporters gathered before the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. Thanks to the electronic media, he also spoke to a far vaster audience as he attempted to fix America's attention on the urgent need for national political action to end racial segregation. The site for the event had been thoughtfully chosen. Conscious of the occasion's historic symbolism, King opened his remarks with a reverent glance backward at the national past. "Five score years ago," he intoned, "a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand, signed the Emancipation Proclamation." This "momentous decree" came as "a great beacon of hope" to millions of slaves, he declared, and inaugurated the enduring quest of African Americans for the full freedom and blessings of American life.

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